diff --git a/framework/test/permissions_test.py b/framework/test/permissions_test.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0917b53
--- /dev/null
+++ b/framework/test/permissions_test.py
@@ -0,0 +1,1860 @@
+# Copyright 2016 The Chromium Authors. All rights reserved.
+# Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style
+# license that can be found in the LICENSE file or at
+# https://developers.google.com/open-source/licenses/bsd
+
+"""Tests for permissions.py."""
+from __future__ import print_function
+from __future__ import division
+from __future__ import absolute_import
+
+import time
+import unittest
+
+import mox
+
+import settings
+from framework import authdata
+from framework import framework_constants
+from framework import framework_views
+from framework import permissions
+from proto import features_pb2
+from proto import project_pb2
+from proto import site_pb2
+from proto import tracker_pb2
+from proto import user_pb2
+from proto import usergroup_pb2
+from testing import fake
+from testing import testing_helpers
+from tracker import tracker_bizobj
+
+
+class PermissionSetTest(unittest.TestCase):
+
+  def setUp(self):
+    self.perms = permissions.PermissionSet(['A', 'b', 'Cc'])
+    self.proj = project_pb2.Project()
+    self.proj.contributor_ids.append(111)
+    self.proj.contributor_ids.append(222)
+    self.proj.extra_perms.append(project_pb2.Project.ExtraPerms(
+        member_id=111, perms=['Cc', 'D', 'e', 'Ff']))
+    self.proj.extra_perms.append(project_pb2.Project.ExtraPerms(
+        member_id=222, perms=['G', 'H']))
+    # user 3 used to be a member and had extra perms, but no longer in project.
+    self.proj.extra_perms.append(project_pb2.Project.ExtraPerms(
+        member_id=333, perms=['G', 'H']))
+
+  def testGetAttr(self):
+    self.assertTrue(self.perms.a)
+    self.assertTrue(self.perms.A)
+    self.assertTrue(self.perms.b)
+    self.assertTrue(self.perms.Cc)
+    self.assertTrue(self.perms.CC)
+
+    self.assertFalse(self.perms.z)
+    self.assertFalse(self.perms.Z)
+
+  def testCanUsePerm_Anonymous(self):
+    effective_ids = set()
+    self.assertTrue(self.perms.CanUsePerm('A', effective_ids, self.proj, []))
+    self.assertFalse(self.perms.CanUsePerm('D', effective_ids, self.proj, []))
+    self.assertFalse(self.perms.CanUsePerm('Z', effective_ids, self.proj, []))
+
+  def testCanUsePerm_SignedInNoGroups(self):
+    effective_ids = {111}
+    self.assertTrue(self.perms.CanUsePerm('A', effective_ids, self.proj, []))
+    self.assertTrue(self.perms.CanUsePerm('D', effective_ids, self.proj, []))
+    self.assertTrue(self.perms.CanUsePerm(
+        'D', effective_ids, self.proj, ['Restrict-D-A']))
+    self.assertFalse(self.perms.CanUsePerm('G', effective_ids, self.proj, []))
+    self.assertFalse(self.perms.CanUsePerm('Z', effective_ids, self.proj, []))
+
+    effective_ids = {222}
+    self.assertTrue(self.perms.CanUsePerm('A', effective_ids, self.proj, []))
+    self.assertFalse(self.perms.CanUsePerm('D', effective_ids, self.proj, []))
+    self.assertTrue(self.perms.CanUsePerm('G', effective_ids, self.proj, []))
+    self.assertFalse(self.perms.CanUsePerm('Z', effective_ids, self.proj, []))
+    self.assertFalse(self.perms.CanUsePerm(
+        'Z', effective_ids, self.proj, ['Restrict-Z-A']))
+
+  def testCanUsePerm_SignedInWithGroups(self):
+    effective_ids = {111, 222, 333}
+    self.assertTrue(self.perms.CanUsePerm('A', effective_ids, self.proj, []))
+    self.assertTrue(self.perms.CanUsePerm('D', effective_ids, self.proj, []))
+    self.assertTrue(self.perms.CanUsePerm('G', effective_ids, self.proj, []))
+    self.assertTrue(self.perms.CanUsePerm(
+        'G', effective_ids, self.proj, ['Restrict-G-D']))
+    self.assertFalse(self.perms.CanUsePerm('Z', effective_ids, self.proj, []))
+    self.assertFalse(self.perms.CanUsePerm(
+        'G', effective_ids, self.proj, ['Restrict-G-Z']))
+
+  def testCanUsePerm_FormerMember(self):
+    effective_ids = {333}
+    self.assertTrue(self.perms.CanUsePerm('A', effective_ids, self.proj, []))
+    self.assertFalse(self.perms.CanUsePerm('D', effective_ids, self.proj, []))
+    self.assertFalse(self.perms.CanUsePerm('G', effective_ids, self.proj, []))
+    self.assertFalse(self.perms.CanUsePerm('Z', effective_ids, self.proj, []))
+
+  def testHasPerm_InPermSet(self):
+    self.assertTrue(self.perms.HasPerm('a', 0, None))
+    self.assertTrue(self.perms.HasPerm('a', 0, self.proj))
+    self.assertTrue(self.perms.HasPerm('A', 0, None))
+    self.assertTrue(self.perms.HasPerm('A', 0, self.proj))
+    self.assertFalse(self.perms.HasPerm('Z', 0, None))
+    self.assertFalse(self.perms.HasPerm('Z', 0, self.proj))
+
+  def testHasPerm_InExtraPerms(self):
+    self.assertTrue(self.perms.HasPerm('d', 111, self.proj))
+    self.assertTrue(self.perms.HasPerm('D', 111, self.proj))
+    self.assertTrue(self.perms.HasPerm('Cc', 111, self.proj))
+    self.assertTrue(self.perms.HasPerm('CC', 111, self.proj))
+    self.assertFalse(self.perms.HasPerm('Z', 111, self.proj))
+
+    self.assertFalse(self.perms.HasPerm('d', 222, self.proj))
+    self.assertFalse(self.perms.HasPerm('D', 222, self.proj))
+
+    # Only current members can have extra permissions
+    self.proj.contributor_ids = []
+    self.assertFalse(self.perms.HasPerm('d', 111, self.proj))
+
+    # TODO(jrobbins): also test consider_restrictions=False and
+    # restriction labels directly in this class.
+
+  def testHasPerm_OverrideExtraPerms(self):
+    # D is an extra perm for 111...
+    self.assertTrue(self.perms.HasPerm('d', 111, self.proj))
+    self.assertTrue(self.perms.HasPerm('D', 111, self.proj))
+    # ...unless we tell HasPerm it isn't.
+    self.assertFalse(self.perms.HasPerm('d', 111, self.proj, []))
+    self.assertFalse(self.perms.HasPerm('D', 111, self.proj, []))
+    # Perms in self.perms are still considered
+    self.assertTrue(self.perms.HasPerm('Cc', 111, self.proj, []))
+    self.assertTrue(self.perms.HasPerm('CC', 111, self.proj, []))
+    # Z is not an extra perm...
+    self.assertFalse(self.perms.HasPerm('Z', 111, self.proj))
+    # ...unless we tell HasPerm it is.
+    self.assertTrue(self.perms.HasPerm('Z', 111, self.proj, ['z']))
+
+  def testHasPerm_GrantedPerms(self):
+    self.assertTrue(self.perms.CanUsePerm(
+        'A', {111}, self.proj, [], granted_perms=['z']))
+    self.assertTrue(self.perms.CanUsePerm(
+        'a', {111}, self.proj, [], granted_perms=['z']))
+    self.assertTrue(self.perms.CanUsePerm(
+        'a', {111}, self.proj, [], granted_perms=['a']))
+    self.assertTrue(self.perms.CanUsePerm(
+        'Z', {111}, self.proj, [], granted_perms=['y', 'z']))
+    self.assertTrue(self.perms.CanUsePerm(
+        'z', {111}, self.proj, [], granted_perms=['y', 'z']))
+    self.assertFalse(self.perms.CanUsePerm(
+        'z', {111}, self.proj, [], granted_perms=['y']))
+
+  def testDebugString(self):
+    self.assertEqual('PermissionSet()',
+                     permissions.PermissionSet([]).DebugString())
+    self.assertEqual('PermissionSet(a)',
+                     permissions.PermissionSet(['A']).DebugString())
+    self.assertEqual('PermissionSet(a, b, cc)', self.perms.DebugString())
+
+  def testRepr(self):
+    self.assertEqual('PermissionSet(frozenset([]))',
+                     permissions.PermissionSet([]).__repr__())
+    self.assertEqual('PermissionSet(frozenset([\'a\']))',
+                     permissions.PermissionSet(['A']).__repr__())
+
+
+class PermissionsTest(unittest.TestCase):
+
+  NOW = 1277762224  # Any timestamp will do, we only compare it to itself +/- 1
+  COMMITTER_USER_ID = 111
+  OWNER_USER_ID = 222
+  CONTRIB_USER_ID = 333
+  SITE_ADMIN_USER_ID = 444
+
+  def MakeProject(self, project_name, state, add_members=True, access=None):
+    args = dict(project_name=project_name, state=state)
+    if add_members:
+      args.update(owner_ids=[self.OWNER_USER_ID],
+                  committer_ids=[self.COMMITTER_USER_ID],
+                  contributor_ids=[self.CONTRIB_USER_ID])
+
+    if access:
+      args.update(access=access)
+
+    return fake.Project(**args)
+
+  def setUp(self):
+    self.live_project = self.MakeProject('live', project_pb2.ProjectState.LIVE)
+    self.archived_project = self.MakeProject(
+        'archived', project_pb2.ProjectState.ARCHIVED)
+    self.other_live_project = self.MakeProject(
+        'other_live', project_pb2.ProjectState.LIVE, add_members=False)
+    self.members_only_project = self.MakeProject(
+        's3kr3t', project_pb2.ProjectState.LIVE,
+        access=project_pb2.ProjectAccess.MEMBERS_ONLY)
+
+    self.nonmember = user_pb2.User()
+    self.member = user_pb2.User()
+    self.owner = user_pb2.User()
+    self.contrib = user_pb2.User()
+    self.site_admin = user_pb2.User()
+    self.site_admin.is_site_admin = True
+    self.borg_user = user_pb2.User(email=settings.borg_service_account)
+
+    self.normal_artifact = tracker_pb2.Issue()
+    self.normal_artifact.labels.extend(['hot', 'Key-Value'])
+    self.normal_artifact.reporter_id = 111
+
+    # Two PermissionSets w/ permissions outside of any project.
+    self.normal_user_perms = permissions.GetPermissions(
+        None, {111}, None)
+    self.admin_perms = permissions.PermissionSet(
+        [permissions.ADMINISTER_SITE,
+         permissions.CREATE_PROJECT])
+
+    self.mox = mox.Mox()
+
+  def tearDown(self):
+    self.mox.UnsetStubs()
+
+  def testGetPermissions_Admin(self):
+    self.assertEqual(
+        permissions.ADMIN_PERMISSIONSET,
+        permissions.GetPermissions(self.site_admin, None, None))
+
+  def testGetPermissions_BorgServiceAccount(self):
+    self.assertEqual(
+        permissions.GROUP_IMPORT_BORG_PERMISSIONSET,
+        permissions.GetPermissions(self.borg_user, None, None))
+
+  def CheckPermissions(self, perms, expected_list):
+    expect_view, expect_commit, expect_edit_project = expected_list
+    self.assertEqual(
+        expect_view, perms.HasPerm(permissions.VIEW, None, None))
+    self.assertEqual(
+        expect_commit, perms.HasPerm(permissions.COMMIT, None, None))
+    self.assertEqual(
+        expect_edit_project,
+        perms.HasPerm(permissions.EDIT_PROJECT, None, None))
+
+  def testAnonPermissions(self):
+    perms = permissions.GetPermissions(None, set(), self.live_project)
+    self.CheckPermissions(perms, [True, False, False])
+
+    perms = permissions.GetPermissions(None, set(), self.members_only_project)
+    self.CheckPermissions(perms, [False, False, False])
+
+  def testNonmemberPermissions(self):
+    perms = permissions.GetPermissions(
+        self.nonmember, {123}, self.live_project)
+    self.CheckPermissions(perms, [True, False, False])
+
+    perms = permissions.GetPermissions(
+        self.nonmember, {123}, self.members_only_project)
+    self.CheckPermissions(perms, [False, False, False])
+
+  def testMemberPermissions(self):
+    perms = permissions.GetPermissions(
+        self.member, {self.COMMITTER_USER_ID}, self.live_project)
+    self.CheckPermissions(perms, [True, True, False])
+
+    perms = permissions.GetPermissions(
+        self.member, {self.COMMITTER_USER_ID}, self.other_live_project)
+    self.CheckPermissions(perms, [True, False, False])
+
+    perms = permissions.GetPermissions(
+        self.member, {self.COMMITTER_USER_ID}, self.members_only_project)
+    self.CheckPermissions(perms, [True, True, False])
+
+  def testOwnerPermissions(self):
+    perms = permissions.GetPermissions(
+        self.owner, {self.OWNER_USER_ID}, self.live_project)
+    self.CheckPermissions(perms, [True, True, True])
+
+    perms = permissions.GetPermissions(
+        self.owner, {self.OWNER_USER_ID}, self.other_live_project)
+    self.CheckPermissions(perms, [True, False, False])
+
+    perms = permissions.GetPermissions(
+        self.owner, {self.OWNER_USER_ID}, self.members_only_project)
+    self.CheckPermissions(perms, [True, True, True])
+
+  def testContributorPermissions(self):
+    perms = permissions.GetPermissions(
+        self.contrib, {self.CONTRIB_USER_ID}, self.live_project)
+    self.CheckPermissions(perms, [True, False, False])
+
+    perms = permissions.GetPermissions(
+        self.contrib, {self.CONTRIB_USER_ID}, self.other_live_project)
+    self.CheckPermissions(perms, [True, False, False])
+
+    perms = permissions.GetPermissions(
+        self.contrib, {self.CONTRIB_USER_ID}, self.members_only_project)
+    self.CheckPermissions(perms, [True, False, False])
+
+  def testLookupPermset_ExactMatch(self):
+    self.assertEqual(
+        permissions.USER_PERMISSIONSET,
+        permissions._LookupPermset(
+            permissions.USER_ROLE, project_pb2.ProjectState.LIVE,
+            project_pb2.ProjectAccess.ANYONE))
+
+  def testLookupPermset_WildcardAccess(self):
+    self.assertEqual(
+        permissions.OWNER_ACTIVE_PERMISSIONSET,
+        permissions._LookupPermset(
+            permissions.OWNER_ROLE, project_pb2.ProjectState.LIVE,
+            project_pb2.ProjectAccess.MEMBERS_ONLY))
+
+  def testGetPermissionKey_AnonUser(self):
+    self.assertEqual(
+        (permissions.ANON_ROLE, permissions.UNDEFINED_STATUS,
+         permissions.UNDEFINED_ACCESS),
+        permissions._GetPermissionKey(None, None))
+    self.assertEqual(
+        (permissions.ANON_ROLE, project_pb2.ProjectState.LIVE,
+         project_pb2.ProjectAccess.ANYONE),
+        permissions._GetPermissionKey(None, self.live_project))
+
+  def testGetPermissionKey_ExpiredProject(self):
+    self.archived_project.delete_time = self.NOW
+    # In an expired project, the user's committe role does not count.
+    self.assertEqual(
+        (permissions.USER_ROLE, project_pb2.ProjectState.ARCHIVED,
+         project_pb2.ProjectAccess.ANYONE),
+        permissions._GetPermissionKey(
+            self.COMMITTER_USER_ID, self.archived_project,
+            expired_before=self.NOW + 1))
+    # If not expired yet, the user's committe role still counts.
+    self.assertEqual(
+        (permissions.COMMITTER_ROLE, project_pb2.ProjectState.ARCHIVED,
+         project_pb2.ProjectAccess.ANYONE),
+        permissions._GetPermissionKey(
+            self.COMMITTER_USER_ID, self.archived_project,
+            expired_before=self.NOW - 1))
+
+  def testGetPermissionKey_DefinedRoles(self):
+    self.assertEqual(
+        (permissions.OWNER_ROLE, project_pb2.ProjectState.LIVE,
+         project_pb2.ProjectAccess.ANYONE),
+        permissions._GetPermissionKey(
+            self.OWNER_USER_ID, self.live_project))
+    self.assertEqual(
+        (permissions.COMMITTER_ROLE, project_pb2.ProjectState.LIVE,
+         project_pb2.ProjectAccess.ANYONE),
+        permissions._GetPermissionKey(
+            self.COMMITTER_USER_ID, self.live_project))
+    self.assertEqual(
+        (permissions.CONTRIBUTOR_ROLE, project_pb2.ProjectState.LIVE,
+         project_pb2.ProjectAccess.ANYONE),
+        permissions._GetPermissionKey(
+            self.CONTRIB_USER_ID, self.live_project))
+
+  def testGetPermissionKey_Nonmember(self):
+    self.assertEqual(
+        (permissions.USER_ROLE, project_pb2.ProjectState.LIVE,
+         project_pb2.ProjectAccess.ANYONE),
+        permissions._GetPermissionKey(
+            999, self.live_project))
+
+  def testPermissionsImmutable(self):
+    self.assertTrue(isinstance(
+        permissions.EMPTY_PERMISSIONSET.perm_names, frozenset))
+    self.assertTrue(isinstance(
+        permissions.READ_ONLY_PERMISSIONSET.perm_names, frozenset))
+    self.assertTrue(isinstance(
+        permissions.COMMITTER_ACTIVE_PERMISSIONSET.perm_names, frozenset))
+    self.assertTrue(isinstance(
+        permissions.OWNER_ACTIVE_PERMISSIONSET.perm_names, frozenset))
+
+  def testGetExtraPerms(self):
+    project = project_pb2.Project()
+    project.committer_ids.append(222)
+    # User 1 is a former member with left-over extra perms that don't count.
+    project.extra_perms.append(project_pb2.Project.ExtraPerms(
+        member_id=111, perms=['a', 'b', 'c']))
+    project.extra_perms.append(project_pb2.Project.ExtraPerms(
+        member_id=222, perms=['a', 'b', 'c']))
+
+    self.assertListEqual(
+        [],
+        permissions.GetExtraPerms(project, 111))
+    self.assertListEqual(
+        ['a', 'b', 'c'],
+        permissions.GetExtraPerms(project, 222))
+    self.assertListEqual(
+        [],
+        permissions.GetExtraPerms(project, 333))
+
+  def testCanDeleteComment_NoPermissionSet(self):
+    """Test that if no PermissionSet is given, we can't delete comments."""
+    comment = tracker_pb2.IssueComment()
+    commenter = user_pb2.User()
+    # If no PermissionSet is given, the user cannot delete the comment.
+    self.assertFalse(permissions.CanDeleteComment(
+        comment, commenter, 111, None))
+    # Same, with no user specified.
+    self.assertFalse(permissions.CanDeleteComment(
+        comment, commenter, framework_constants.NO_USER_SPECIFIED, None))
+
+  def testCanDeleteComment_AnonUsersCannotDelete(self):
+    """Test that anon users can't delete comments."""
+    comment = tracker_pb2.IssueComment()
+    commenter = user_pb2.User()
+    perms = permissions.PermissionSet([permissions.DELETE_ANY])
+
+    # No logged in user, even with perms from somewhere.
+    self.assertFalse(permissions.CanDeleteComment(
+        comment, commenter, framework_constants.NO_USER_SPECIFIED, perms))
+
+    # No logged in user, even if artifact was already deleted.
+    comment.deleted_by = 111
+    self.assertFalse(permissions.CanDeleteComment(
+        comment, commenter, framework_constants.NO_USER_SPECIFIED, perms))
+
+  def testCanDeleteComment_DeleteAny(self):
+    """Test that users with DeleteAny permission can delete any comment.
+
+    Except for spam comments or comments by banned users.
+    """
+    comment = tracker_pb2.IssueComment(user_id=111)
+    commenter = user_pb2.User()
+    perms = permissions.PermissionSet([permissions.DELETE_ANY])
+
+    # Users with DeleteAny permission can delete their own comments.
+    self.assertTrue(permissions.CanDeleteComment(
+        comment, commenter, 111, perms))
+
+    # And also comments by other users
+    comment.user_id = 999
+    self.assertTrue(permissions.CanDeleteComment(
+        comment, commenter, 111, perms))
+
+    # As well as undelete comments they deleted.
+    comment.deleted_by = 111
+    self.assertTrue(permissions.CanDeleteComment(
+        comment, commenter, 111, perms))
+
+    # Or that other users deleted.
+    comment.deleted_by = 222
+    self.assertTrue(permissions.CanDeleteComment(
+        comment, commenter, 111, perms))
+
+  def testCanDeleteComment_DeleteOwn(self):
+    """Test that users with DeleteOwn permission can delete any comment.
+
+    Except for spam comments or comments by banned users.
+    """
+    comment = tracker_pb2.IssueComment(user_id=111)
+    commenter = user_pb2.User()
+    perms = permissions.PermissionSet([permissions.DELETE_OWN])
+
+    # Users with DeleteOwn permission can delete their own comments.
+    self.assertTrue(permissions.CanDeleteComment(
+        comment, commenter, 111, perms))
+
+    # But not comments by other users
+    comment.user_id = 999
+    self.assertFalse(permissions.CanDeleteComment(
+        comment, commenter, 111, perms))
+
+    # They can undelete comments they deleted.
+    comment.user_id = 111
+    comment.deleted_by = 111
+    self.assertTrue(permissions.CanDeleteComment(
+        comment, commenter, 111, perms))
+
+    # But not comments that other users deleted.
+    comment.deleted_by = 222
+    self.assertFalse(permissions.CanDeleteComment(
+        comment, commenter, 111, perms))
+
+  def testCanDeleteComment_CannotDeleteSpamComments(self):
+    """Test that nobody can (un)delete comments marked as spam."""
+    comment = tracker_pb2.IssueComment(user_id=111, is_spam=True)
+    commenter = user_pb2.User()
+
+    # Nobody can delete comments marked as spam.
+    self.assertFalse(permissions.CanDeleteComment(
+        comment, commenter, 111,
+        permissions.PermissionSet([permissions.DELETE_OWN])))
+    self.assertFalse(permissions.CanDeleteComment(
+        comment, commenter, 222,
+        permissions.PermissionSet([permissions.DELETE_ANY])))
+
+    # Nobody can undelete comments marked as spam.
+    comment.deleted_by = 222
+    self.assertFalse(permissions.CanDeleteComment(
+        comment, commenter, 111,
+        permissions.PermissionSet([permissions.DELETE_OWN])))
+    self.assertFalse(permissions.CanDeleteComment(
+        comment, commenter, 222,
+        permissions.PermissionSet([permissions.DELETE_ANY])))
+
+  def testCanDeleteComment_CannotDeleteCommentsByBannedUser(self):
+    """Test that nobody can (un)delete comments by banned users."""
+    comment = tracker_pb2.IssueComment(user_id=111)
+    commenter = user_pb2.User(banned='Some reason')
+
+    # Nobody can delete comments by banned users.
+    self.assertFalse(permissions.CanDeleteComment(
+        comment, commenter, 111,
+        permissions.PermissionSet([permissions.DELETE_OWN])))
+    self.assertFalse(permissions.CanDeleteComment(
+        comment, commenter, 222,
+        permissions.PermissionSet([permissions.DELETE_ANY])))
+
+    # Nobody can undelete comments by banned users.
+    comment.deleted_by = 222
+    self.assertFalse(permissions.CanDeleteComment(
+        comment, commenter, 111,
+        permissions.PermissionSet([permissions.DELETE_OWN])))
+    self.assertFalse(permissions.CanDeleteComment(
+        comment, commenter, 222,
+        permissions.PermissionSet([permissions.DELETE_ANY])))
+
+  def testCanFlagComment_FlagSpamCanReport(self):
+    """Test that users with FlagSpam permissions can report comments."""
+    comment = tracker_pb2.IssueComment()
+    commenter = user_pb2.User()
+
+    can_flag, is_flagged = permissions.CanFlagComment(
+        comment, commenter, [], 111,
+        permissions.PermissionSet([permissions.FLAG_SPAM]))
+
+    self.assertTrue(can_flag)
+    self.assertFalse(is_flagged)
+
+  def testCanFlagComment_FlagSpamCanUnReportOwn(self):
+    """Test that users with FlagSpam permission can un-report comments they
+    previously reported."""
+    comment = tracker_pb2.IssueComment()
+    commenter = user_pb2.User()
+
+    can_flag, is_flagged = permissions.CanFlagComment(
+        comment, commenter, [111], 111,
+        permissions.PermissionSet([permissions.FLAG_SPAM]))
+
+    self.assertTrue(can_flag)
+    self.assertTrue(is_flagged)
+
+  def testCanFlagComment_FlagSpamCannotUnReportOthers(self):
+    """Test that users with FlagSpam permission doesn't know if other users have
+    reported a comment as spam."""
+    comment = tracker_pb2.IssueComment()
+    commenter = user_pb2.User()
+
+    can_flag, is_flagged = permissions.CanFlagComment(
+        comment, commenter, [222], 111,
+        permissions.PermissionSet([permissions.FLAG_SPAM]))
+
+    self.assertTrue(can_flag)
+    self.assertFalse(is_flagged)
+
+  def testCanFlagComment_FlagSpamCannotUnFlag(self):
+    comment = tracker_pb2.IssueComment(is_spam=True)
+    commenter = user_pb2.User()
+
+    can_flag, is_flagged = permissions.CanFlagComment(
+        comment, commenter, [111], 111,
+        permissions.PermissionSet([permissions.FLAG_SPAM]))
+
+    self.assertFalse(can_flag)
+    self.assertTrue(is_flagged)
+
+  def testCanFlagComment_VerdictSpamCanFlag(self):
+    """Test that users with FlagSpam permissions can flag comments."""
+    comment = tracker_pb2.IssueComment()
+    commenter = user_pb2.User()
+
+    can_flag, is_flagged = permissions.CanFlagComment(
+        comment, commenter, [], 111,
+        permissions.PermissionSet([permissions.VERDICT_SPAM]))
+
+    self.assertTrue(can_flag)
+    self.assertFalse(is_flagged)
+
+  def testCanFlagComment_VerdictSpamCanUnFlag(self):
+    """Test that users with FlagSpam permissions can un-flag comments."""
+    comment = tracker_pb2.IssueComment(is_spam=True)
+    commenter = user_pb2.User()
+
+    can_flag, is_flagged = permissions.CanFlagComment(
+        comment, commenter, [], 111,
+        permissions.PermissionSet([permissions.VERDICT_SPAM]))
+
+    self.assertTrue(can_flag)
+    self.assertTrue(is_flagged)
+
+  def testCanFlagComment_CannotFlagNoPermission(self):
+    """Test that users without permission cannot flag comments."""
+    comment = tracker_pb2.IssueComment()
+    commenter = user_pb2.User()
+
+    can_flag, is_flagged = permissions.CanFlagComment(
+        comment, commenter, [], 111,
+        permissions.PermissionSet([permissions.DELETE_ANY]))
+
+    self.assertFalse(can_flag)
+    self.assertFalse(is_flagged)
+
+  def testCanFlagComment_CannotUnFlagNoPermission(self):
+    """Test that users without permission cannot un-flag comments."""
+    comment = tracker_pb2.IssueComment(is_spam=True)
+    commenter = user_pb2.User()
+
+    can_flag, is_flagged = permissions.CanFlagComment(
+        comment, commenter, [], 111,
+        # Users need the VerdictSpam permission to be able to un-flag comments.
+        permissions.PermissionSet([
+            permissions.DELETE_ANY, permissions.FLAG_SPAM]))
+
+    self.assertFalse(can_flag)
+    self.assertTrue(is_flagged)
+
+  def testCanFlagComment_CannotFlagCommentByBannedUser(self):
+    """Test that nobady can flag comments by banned users."""
+    comment = tracker_pb2.IssueComment()
+    commenter = user_pb2.User(banned='Some reason')
+
+    can_flag, is_flagged = permissions.CanFlagComment(
+        comment, commenter, [], 111,
+        permissions.PermissionSet([
+            permissions.FLAG_SPAM, permissions.VERDICT_SPAM]))
+
+    self.assertFalse(can_flag)
+    self.assertFalse(is_flagged)
+
+  def testCanFlagComment_CannotUnFlagCommentByBannedUser(self):
+    """Test that nobady can un-flag comments by banned users."""
+    comment = tracker_pb2.IssueComment(is_spam=True)
+    commenter = user_pb2.User(banned='Some reason')
+
+    can_flag, is_flagged = permissions.CanFlagComment(
+        comment, commenter, [], 111,
+        permissions.PermissionSet([
+            permissions.FLAG_SPAM, permissions.VERDICT_SPAM]))
+
+    self.assertFalse(can_flag)
+    self.assertTrue(is_flagged)
+
+  def testCanFlagComment_CanUnFlagDeletedSpamComment(self):
+    """Test that we can un-flag a deleted comment that is spam."""
+    comment = tracker_pb2.IssueComment(is_spam=True, deleted_by=111)
+    commenter = user_pb2.User()
+
+    can_flag, is_flagged = permissions.CanFlagComment(
+        comment, commenter, [], 222,
+        permissions.PermissionSet([permissions.VERDICT_SPAM]))
+
+    self.assertTrue(can_flag)
+    self.assertTrue(is_flagged)
+
+  def testCanFlagComment_CannotFlagDeletedComment(self):
+    """Test that nobody can flag a deleted comment that is not spam."""
+    comment = tracker_pb2.IssueComment(deleted_by=111)
+    commenter = user_pb2.User()
+
+    can_flag, is_flagged = permissions.CanFlagComment(
+        comment, commenter, [], 111,
+        permissions.PermissionSet([
+            permissions.FLAG_SPAM, permissions.VERDICT_SPAM,
+            permissions.DELETE_ANY, permissions.DELETE_OWN]))
+
+    self.assertFalse(can_flag)
+    self.assertFalse(is_flagged)
+
+  def testCanViewComment_Normal(self):
+    """Test that we can view comments."""
+    comment = tracker_pb2.IssueComment()
+    commenter = user_pb2.User()
+    # We assume that CanViewIssue was already called. There are no further
+    # restrictions to view this comment.
+    self.assertTrue(permissions.CanViewComment(
+        comment, commenter, 111, None))
+
+  def testCanViewComment_CannotViewCommentsByBannedUser(self):
+    """Test that nobody can view comments by banned users."""
+    comment = tracker_pb2.IssueComment(user_id=111)
+    commenter = user_pb2.User(banned='Some reason')
+
+    # Nobody can view comments by banned users.
+    self.assertFalse(permissions.CanViewComment(
+        comment, commenter, 111, permissions.ADMIN_PERMISSIONSET))
+
+  def testCanViewComment_OnlyModeratorsCanViewSpamComments(self):
+    """Test that only users with VerdictSpam can view spam comments."""
+    comment = tracker_pb2.IssueComment(user_id=111, is_spam=True)
+    commenter = user_pb2.User()
+
+    # Users with VerdictSpam permission can view comments marked as spam.
+    self.assertTrue(permissions.CanViewComment(
+        comment, commenter, 222,
+        permissions.PermissionSet([permissions.VERDICT_SPAM])))
+
+    # Other users cannot view comments marked as spam, even if it is their own
+    # comment.
+    self.assertFalse(permissions.CanViewComment(
+        comment, commenter, 111,
+        permissions.PermissionSet([
+            permissions.FLAG_SPAM, permissions.DELETE_ANY,
+            permissions.DELETE_OWN])))
+
+  def testCanViewComment_DeletedComment(self):
+    """Test that for deleted comments, only the users that can undelete it can
+    view it.
+    """
+    comment = tracker_pb2.IssueComment(user_id=111, deleted_by=222)
+    commenter = user_pb2.User()
+
+    # Users with DeleteAny permission can view all deleted comments.
+    self.assertTrue(permissions.CanViewComment(
+        comment, commenter, 333,
+        permissions.PermissionSet([permissions.DELETE_ANY])))
+
+    # Users with DeleteOwn permissions can only see their own comments if they
+    # deleted them.
+    comment.user_id = comment.deleted_by = 333
+    self.assertTrue(permissions.CanViewComment(
+        comment, commenter, 333,
+        permissions.PermissionSet([permissions.DELETE_OWN])))
+
+    # But not comments they didn't delete.
+    comment.deleted_by = 111
+    self.assertFalse(permissions.CanViewComment(
+        comment, commenter, 333,
+        permissions.PermissionSet([permissions.DELETE_OWN])))
+
+  def testCanViewInboundMessage(self):
+    comment = tracker_pb2.IssueComment(user_id=111)
+
+    # Users can view their own inbound messages
+    self.assertTrue(permissions.CanViewInboundMessage(
+        comment, 111, permissions.EMPTY_PERMISSIONSET))
+
+    # Users with the ViewInboundMessages permissions can view inbound messages.
+    self.assertTrue(permissions.CanViewInboundMessage(
+        comment, 333,
+        permissions.PermissionSet([permissions.VIEW_INBOUND_MESSAGES])))
+
+    # Other users cannot view inbound messages.
+    self.assertFalse(permissions.CanViewInboundMessage(
+        comment, 333,
+        permissions.PermissionSet([permissions.VIEW])))
+
+  def testCanViewNormalArifact(self):
+    # Anyone can view a non-restricted artifact.
+    self.assertTrue(permissions.CanView(
+        {111}, permissions.READ_ONLY_PERMISSIONSET,
+        self.live_project, []))
+
+  def testCanCreateProject_NoPerms(self):
+    """Signed out users cannot create projects."""
+    self.assertFalse(permissions.CanCreateProject(
+        permissions.EMPTY_PERMISSIONSET))
+
+    self.assertFalse(permissions.CanCreateProject(
+        permissions.READ_ONLY_PERMISSIONSET))
+
+  def testCanCreateProject_Admin(self):
+    """Site admins can create projects."""
+    self.assertTrue(permissions.CanCreateProject(
+        permissions.ADMIN_PERMISSIONSET))
+
+  def testCanCreateProject_RegularUser(self):
+    """Signed in non-admins can create a project if settings allow ANYONE."""
+    try:
+      orig_restriction = settings.project_creation_restriction
+      ANYONE = site_pb2.UserTypeRestriction.ANYONE
+      ADMIN_ONLY = site_pb2.UserTypeRestriction.ADMIN_ONLY
+      NO_ONE = site_pb2.UserTypeRestriction.NO_ONE
+      perms = permissions.PermissionSet([permissions.CREATE_PROJECT])
+
+      settings.project_creation_restriction = ANYONE
+      self.assertTrue(permissions.CanCreateProject(perms))
+
+      settings.project_creation_restriction = ADMIN_ONLY
+      self.assertFalse(permissions.CanCreateProject(perms))
+
+      settings.project_creation_restriction = NO_ONE
+      self.assertFalse(permissions.CanCreateProject(perms))
+      self.assertFalse(permissions.CanCreateProject(
+          permissions.ADMIN_PERMISSIONSET))
+    finally:
+      settings.project_creation_restriction = orig_restriction
+
+  def testCanCreateGroup_AnyoneWithCreateGroup(self):
+    orig_setting = settings.group_creation_restriction
+    try:
+      settings.group_creation_restriction = site_pb2.UserTypeRestriction.ANYONE
+      self.assertTrue(permissions.CanCreateGroup(
+          permissions.PermissionSet([permissions.CREATE_GROUP])))
+      self.assertFalse(permissions.CanCreateGroup(
+          permissions.PermissionSet([])))
+    finally:
+      settings.group_creation_restriction = orig_setting
+
+  def testCanCreateGroup_AdminOnly(self):
+    orig_setting = settings.group_creation_restriction
+    try:
+      ADMIN_ONLY = site_pb2.UserTypeRestriction.ADMIN_ONLY
+      settings.group_creation_restriction = ADMIN_ONLY
+      self.assertTrue(permissions.CanCreateGroup(
+          permissions.PermissionSet([permissions.ADMINISTER_SITE])))
+      self.assertFalse(permissions.CanCreateGroup(
+          permissions.PermissionSet([permissions.CREATE_GROUP])))
+      self.assertFalse(permissions.CanCreateGroup(
+          permissions.PermissionSet([])))
+    finally:
+      settings.group_creation_restriction = orig_setting
+
+  def testCanCreateGroup_UnspecifiedSetting(self):
+    orig_setting = settings.group_creation_restriction
+    try:
+      settings.group_creation_restriction = None
+      self.assertFalse(permissions.CanCreateGroup(
+          permissions.PermissionSet([permissions.ADMINISTER_SITE])))
+      self.assertFalse(permissions.CanCreateGroup(
+          permissions.PermissionSet([permissions.CREATE_GROUP])))
+      self.assertFalse(permissions.CanCreateGroup(
+          permissions.PermissionSet([])))
+    finally:
+      settings.group_creation_restriction = orig_setting
+
+  def testCanEditGroup_HasPerm(self):
+    self.assertTrue(permissions.CanEditGroup(
+        permissions.PermissionSet([permissions.EDIT_GROUP]), None, None))
+
+  def testCanEditGroup_IsOwner(self):
+    self.assertTrue(permissions.CanEditGroup(
+        permissions.PermissionSet([]), {111}, {111}))
+
+  def testCanEditGroup_Otherwise(self):
+    self.assertFalse(permissions.CanEditGroup(
+        permissions.PermissionSet([]), {111}, {222}))
+
+  def testCanViewGroupMembers_HasPerm(self):
+    self.assertTrue(permissions.CanViewGroupMembers(
+        permissions.PermissionSet([permissions.VIEW_GROUP]),
+        None, None, None, None, None))
+
+  def testCanViewGroupMembers_IsMemberOfFriendProject(self):
+    group_settings = usergroup_pb2.MakeSettings('owners', friend_projects=[890])
+    self.assertFalse(permissions.CanViewGroupMembers(
+        permissions.PermissionSet([]),
+        {111}, group_settings, {222}, {333}, {789}))
+    self.assertTrue(permissions.CanViewGroupMembers(
+        permissions.PermissionSet([]),
+        {111}, group_settings, {222}, {333}, {789, 890}))
+
+  def testCanViewGroupMembers_VisibleToOwner(self):
+    group_settings = usergroup_pb2.MakeSettings('owners')
+    self.assertFalse(permissions.CanViewGroupMembers(
+        permissions.PermissionSet([]),
+        {111}, group_settings, {222}, {333}, {789}))
+    self.assertFalse(permissions.CanViewGroupMembers(
+        permissions.PermissionSet([]),
+        {222}, group_settings, {222}, {333}, {789}))
+    self.assertTrue(permissions.CanViewGroupMembers(
+        permissions.PermissionSet([]),
+        {333}, group_settings, {222}, {333}, {789}))
+
+  def testCanViewGroupMembers_IsVisibleToMember(self):
+    group_settings = usergroup_pb2.MakeSettings('members')
+    self.assertFalse(permissions.CanViewGroupMembers(
+        permissions.PermissionSet([]),
+        {111}, group_settings, {222}, {333}, {789}))
+    self.assertTrue(permissions.CanViewGroupMembers(
+        permissions.PermissionSet([]),
+        {222}, group_settings, {222}, {333}, {789}))
+    self.assertTrue(permissions.CanViewGroupMembers(
+        permissions.PermissionSet([]),
+        {333}, group_settings, {222}, {333}, {789}))
+
+  def testCanViewGroupMembers_AnyoneCanView(self):
+    group_settings = usergroup_pb2.MakeSettings('anyone')
+    self.assertTrue(permissions.CanViewGroupMembers(
+        permissions.PermissionSet([]),
+        {111}, group_settings, {222}, {333}, {789}))
+
+  def testIsBanned_AnonUser(self):
+    user_view = framework_views.StuffUserView(None, None, True)
+    self.assertFalse(permissions.IsBanned(None, user_view))
+
+  def testIsBanned_NormalUser(self):
+    user = user_pb2.User()
+    user_view = framework_views.StuffUserView(None, None, True)
+    self.assertFalse(permissions.IsBanned(user, user_view))
+
+  def testIsBanned_BannedUser(self):
+    user = user_pb2.User()
+    user.banned = 'spammer'
+    user_view = framework_views.StuffUserView(None, None, True)
+    self.assertTrue(permissions.IsBanned(user, user_view))
+
+  def testIsBanned_BadDomainUser(self):
+    user = user_pb2.User()
+    self.assertFalse(permissions.IsBanned(user, None))
+
+    user_view = framework_views.StuffUserView(None, None, True)
+    user_view.domain = 'spammer.com'
+    self.assertFalse(permissions.IsBanned(user, user_view))
+
+    orig_banned_user_domains = settings.banned_user_domains
+    settings.banned_user_domains = ['spammer.com', 'phisher.com']
+    self.assertTrue(permissions.IsBanned(user, user_view))
+    settings.banned_user_domains = orig_banned_user_domains
+
+  def testIsBanned_PlusAddressUser(self):
+    """We don't allow users who have + in their email address."""
+    user = user_pb2.User(email='user@example.com')
+    self.assertFalse(permissions.IsBanned(user, None))
+
+    user.email = 'user+shadystuff@example.com'
+    self.assertTrue(permissions.IsBanned(user, None))
+
+  def testCanExpungeUser_Admin(self):
+    mr = testing_helpers.MakeMonorailRequest()
+    mr.perms = permissions.ADMIN_PERMISSIONSET
+    self.assertTrue(permissions.CanExpungeUsers(mr))
+
+  def testGetCustomPermissions(self):
+    project = project_pb2.Project()
+    self.assertListEqual([], permissions.GetCustomPermissions(project))
+
+    project.extra_perms.append(project_pb2.Project.ExtraPerms(
+        perms=['Core', 'Elite', 'Gold']))
+    self.assertListEqual(['Core', 'Elite', 'Gold'],
+                         permissions.GetCustomPermissions(project))
+
+    project.extra_perms.append(project_pb2.Project.ExtraPerms(
+        perms=['Silver', 'Gold', 'Bronze']))
+    self.assertListEqual(['Bronze', 'Core', 'Elite', 'Gold', 'Silver'],
+                         permissions.GetCustomPermissions(project))
+
+    # View is not returned because it is a starndard permission.
+    project.extra_perms.append(project_pb2.Project.ExtraPerms(
+        perms=['Bronze', permissions.VIEW]))
+    self.assertListEqual(['Bronze', 'Core', 'Elite', 'Gold', 'Silver'],
+                         permissions.GetCustomPermissions(project))
+
+  def testUserCanViewProject(self):
+    self.mox.StubOutWithMock(time, 'time')
+    for _ in range(8):
+      time.time().AndReturn(self.NOW)
+    self.mox.ReplayAll()
+
+    self.assertTrue(permissions.UserCanViewProject(
+        self.member, {self.COMMITTER_USER_ID}, self.live_project))
+    self.assertTrue(permissions.UserCanViewProject(
+        None, None, self.live_project))
+
+    self.archived_project.delete_time = self.NOW + 1
+    self.assertFalse(permissions.UserCanViewProject(
+        None, None, self.archived_project))
+    self.assertTrue(permissions.UserCanViewProject(
+        self.owner, {self.OWNER_USER_ID}, self.archived_project))
+    self.assertTrue(permissions.UserCanViewProject(
+        self.site_admin, {self.SITE_ADMIN_USER_ID},
+        self.archived_project))
+
+    self.archived_project.delete_time = self.NOW - 1
+    self.assertFalse(permissions.UserCanViewProject(
+        None, None, self.archived_project))
+    self.assertFalse(permissions.UserCanViewProject(
+        self.owner, {self.OWNER_USER_ID}, self.archived_project))
+    self.assertTrue(permissions.UserCanViewProject(
+        self.site_admin, {self.SITE_ADMIN_USER_ID},
+        self.archived_project))
+
+    self.mox.VerifyAll()
+
+  def CheckExpired(self, state, expected_to_be_reapable):
+    proj = project_pb2.Project()
+    proj.state = state
+    proj.delete_time = self.NOW + 1
+    self.assertFalse(permissions.IsExpired(proj))
+
+    proj.delete_time = self.NOW - 1
+    self.assertEqual(expected_to_be_reapable, permissions.IsExpired(proj))
+
+    proj.delete_time = self.NOW - 1
+    self.assertFalse(permissions.IsExpired(proj, expired_before=self.NOW - 2))
+
+  def testIsExpired_Live(self):
+    self.CheckExpired(project_pb2.ProjectState.LIVE, False)
+
+  def testIsExpired_Archived(self):
+    self.mox.StubOutWithMock(time, 'time')
+    for _ in range(2):
+      time.time().AndReturn(self.NOW)
+    self.mox.ReplayAll()
+
+    self.CheckExpired(project_pb2.ProjectState.ARCHIVED, True)
+
+    self.mox.VerifyAll()
+
+
+class PermissionsCheckTest(unittest.TestCase):
+
+  def setUp(self):
+    self.perms = permissions.PermissionSet(['a', 'b', 'c'])
+
+    self.proj = project_pb2.Project()
+    self.proj.committer_ids.append(111)
+    self.proj.extra_perms.append(project_pb2.Project.ExtraPerms(
+        member_id=111, perms=['d']))
+
+    # Note: z is an example of a perm that the user does not have.
+    # Note: q is an example of an irrelevant perm that the user does not have.
+
+  def DoCanUsePerm(self, perm, project='default', user_id=None, restrict=''):
+    """Wrapper function to call CanUsePerm()."""
+    if project == 'default':
+      project = self.proj
+    return self.perms.CanUsePerm(
+        perm, {user_id or 111}, project, restrict.split())
+
+  def testHasPermNoRestrictions(self):
+    self.assertTrue(self.DoCanUsePerm('a'))
+    self.assertTrue(self.DoCanUsePerm('A'))
+    self.assertFalse(self.DoCanUsePerm('z'))
+    self.assertTrue(self.DoCanUsePerm('d'))
+    self.assertFalse(self.DoCanUsePerm('d', user_id=222))
+    self.assertFalse(self.DoCanUsePerm('d', project=project_pb2.Project()))
+
+  def testHasPermOperationRestrictions(self):
+    self.assertTrue(self.DoCanUsePerm('a', restrict='Restrict-a-b'))
+    self.assertTrue(self.DoCanUsePerm('a', restrict='Restrict-b-z'))
+    self.assertTrue(self.DoCanUsePerm('a', restrict='Restrict-a-d'))
+    self.assertTrue(self.DoCanUsePerm('d', restrict='Restrict-d-a'))
+    self.assertTrue(self.DoCanUsePerm(
+        'd', restrict='Restrict-q-z Restrict-q-d Restrict-d-a'))
+
+    self.assertFalse(self.DoCanUsePerm('a', restrict='Restrict-a-z'))
+    self.assertFalse(self.DoCanUsePerm('d', restrict='Restrict-d-z'))
+    self.assertFalse(self.DoCanUsePerm(
+        'd', restrict='Restrict-d-a Restrict-d-z'))
+
+  def testHasPermOutsideProjectScope(self):
+    self.assertTrue(self.DoCanUsePerm('a', project=None))
+    self.assertTrue(self.DoCanUsePerm(
+        'a', project=None, restrict='Restrict-a-c'))
+    self.assertTrue(self.DoCanUsePerm(
+        'a', project=None, restrict='Restrict-q-z'))
+
+    self.assertFalse(self.DoCanUsePerm('z', project=None))
+    self.assertFalse(self.DoCanUsePerm(
+        'a', project=None, restrict='Restrict-a-d'))
+
+
+class CanViewProjectContributorListTest(unittest.TestCase):
+
+  def testCanViewProjectContributorList_NoProject(self):
+    mr = testing_helpers.MakeMonorailRequest(path='/')
+    self.assertFalse(permissions.CanViewContributorList(mr, mr.project))
+
+  def testCanViewProjectContributorList_NormalProject(self):
+    project = project_pb2.Project()
+    mr = testing_helpers.MakeMonorailRequest(
+        path='/p/proj/', project=project)
+    self.assertTrue(permissions.CanViewContributorList(mr, mr.project))
+
+  def testCanViewProjectContributorList_ProjectWithOptionSet(self):
+    project = project_pb2.Project()
+    project.only_owners_see_contributors = True
+
+    for perms in [permissions.READ_ONLY_PERMISSIONSET,
+                  permissions.CONTRIBUTOR_ACTIVE_PERMISSIONSET,
+                  permissions.CONTRIBUTOR_INACTIVE_PERMISSIONSET]:
+      mr = testing_helpers.MakeMonorailRequest(
+          path='/p/proj/', project=project, perms=perms)
+      self.assertFalse(permissions.CanViewContributorList(mr, mr.project))
+
+    for perms in [permissions.COMMITTER_ACTIVE_PERMISSIONSET,
+                  permissions.COMMITTER_INACTIVE_PERMISSIONSET,
+                  permissions.OWNER_ACTIVE_PERMISSIONSET,
+                  permissions.OWNER_INACTIVE_PERMISSIONSET,
+                  permissions.ADMIN_PERMISSIONSET]:
+      mr = testing_helpers.MakeMonorailRequest(
+          path='/p/proj/', project=project, perms=perms)
+      self.assertTrue(permissions.CanViewContributorList(mr, mr.project))
+
+
+class ShouldCheckForAbandonmentTest(unittest.TestCase):
+
+  def setUp(self):
+    self.mr = testing_helpers.Blank(
+        project=project_pb2.Project(),
+        auth=authdata.AuthData())
+
+  def testOwner(self):
+    self.mr.auth.effective_ids = {111}
+    self.mr.perms = permissions.OWNER_ACTIVE_PERMISSIONSET
+    self.assertTrue(permissions.ShouldCheckForAbandonment(self.mr))
+
+  def testNonOwner(self):
+    self.mr.auth.effective_ids = {222}
+    self.mr.perms = permissions.COMMITTER_ACTIVE_PERMISSIONSET
+    self.assertFalse(permissions.ShouldCheckForAbandonment(self.mr))
+    self.mr.perms = permissions.CONTRIBUTOR_ACTIVE_PERMISSIONSET
+    self.assertFalse(permissions.ShouldCheckForAbandonment(self.mr))
+    self.mr.perms = permissions.USER_PERMISSIONSET
+    self.assertFalse(permissions.ShouldCheckForAbandonment(self.mr))
+    self.mr.perms = permissions.EMPTY_PERMISSIONSET
+    self.assertFalse(permissions.ShouldCheckForAbandonment(self.mr))
+
+  def testSiteAdmin(self):
+    self.mr.auth.effective_ids = {111}
+    self.mr.perms = permissions.ADMIN_PERMISSIONSET
+    self.assertFalse(permissions.ShouldCheckForAbandonment(self.mr))
+
+
+class RestrictionLabelsTest(unittest.TestCase):
+
+  ORIG_SUMMARY = 'this is the orginal summary'
+  ORIG_LABELS = ['one', 'two']
+
+  def testIsRestrictLabel(self):
+    self.assertFalse(permissions.IsRestrictLabel('Usability'))
+    self.assertTrue(permissions.IsRestrictLabel('Restrict-View-CoreTeam'))
+    # Doing it again will test the cached results.
+    self.assertFalse(permissions.IsRestrictLabel('Usability'))
+    self.assertTrue(permissions.IsRestrictLabel('Restrict-View-CoreTeam'))
+
+    self.assertFalse(permissions.IsRestrictLabel('Usability', perm='View'))
+    self.assertTrue(permissions.IsRestrictLabel(
+        'Restrict-View-CoreTeam', perm='View'))
+
+    # This one is a restriction label, but not the kind that we want.
+    self.assertFalse(permissions.IsRestrictLabel(
+        'Restrict-View-CoreTeam', perm='Delete'))
+
+  def testGetRestrictions_NoIssue(self):
+    self.assertEqual([], permissions.GetRestrictions(None))
+
+  def testGetRestrictions_PermSpecified(self):
+    """We can return restiction labels related to the given perm."""
+    art = fake.MakeTestIssue(
+        789, 1, self.ORIG_SUMMARY, 'New', 0, labels=self.ORIG_LABELS)
+    self.assertEqual([], permissions.GetRestrictions(art, perm='view'))
+
+    art = fake.MakeTestIssue(
+        789, 1, self.ORIG_SUMMARY, 'New', 0,
+        labels=['Restrict-View-Core', 'Hot',
+                'Restrict-EditIssue-Commit', 'Restrict-EditIssue-Core'])
+    self.assertEqual(
+        ['restrict-view-core'],
+        permissions.GetRestrictions(art, perm='view'))
+    self.assertEqual(
+        ['restrict-view-core'],
+        permissions.GetRestrictions(art, perm='View'))
+    self.assertEqual(
+        ['restrict-editissue-commit', 'restrict-editissue-core'],
+        permissions.GetRestrictions(art, perm='EditIssue'))
+
+  def testGetRestrictions_NoPerm(self):
+    art = fake.MakeTestIssue(
+        789, 1, self.ORIG_SUMMARY, 'New', 0, labels=self.ORIG_LABELS)
+    self.assertEqual([], permissions.GetRestrictions(art))
+
+    art = fake.MakeTestIssue(
+        789, 1, self.ORIG_SUMMARY, 'New', 0,
+        labels=['Restrict-MissingThirdPart', 'Hot'])
+    self.assertEqual([], permissions.GetRestrictions(art))
+
+    art = fake.MakeTestIssue(
+        789, 1, self.ORIG_SUMMARY, 'New', 0,
+        labels=['Restrict-View-Core', 'Hot'])
+    self.assertEqual(['restrict-view-core'], permissions.GetRestrictions(art))
+
+    art = fake.MakeTestIssue(
+        789, 1, self.ORIG_SUMMARY, 'New', 0,
+        labels=['Restrict-View-Core', 'Hot'],
+        derived_labels=['Color-Red', 'Restrict-EditIssue-GoldMembers'])
+    self.assertEqual(
+        ['restrict-view-core', 'restrict-editissue-goldmembers'],
+        permissions.GetRestrictions(art))
+
+    art = fake.MakeTestIssue(
+        789, 1, self.ORIG_SUMMARY, 'New', 0,
+        labels=['restrict-view-core', 'hot'],
+        derived_labels=['Color-Red', 'RESTRICT-EDITISSUE-GOLDMEMBERS'])
+    self.assertEqual(
+        ['restrict-view-core', 'restrict-editissue-goldmembers'],
+        permissions.GetRestrictions(art))
+
+
+REPORTER_ID = 111
+OWNER_ID = 222
+CC_ID = 333
+OTHER_ID = 444
+APPROVER_ID = 555
+
+
+class IssuePermissionsTest(unittest.TestCase):
+
+  REGULAR_ISSUE = tracker_pb2.Issue()
+  REGULAR_ISSUE.reporter_id = REPORTER_ID
+
+  DELETED_ISSUE = tracker_pb2.Issue()
+  DELETED_ISSUE.deleted = True
+  DELETED_ISSUE.reporter_id = REPORTER_ID
+
+  RESTRICTED_ISSUE = tracker_pb2.Issue()
+  RESTRICTED_ISSUE.reporter_id = REPORTER_ID
+  RESTRICTED_ISSUE.owner_id = OWNER_ID
+  RESTRICTED_ISSUE.cc_ids.append(CC_ID)
+  RESTRICTED_ISSUE.approval_values.append(
+      tracker_pb2.ApprovalValue(approver_ids=[APPROVER_ID])
+  )
+  RESTRICTED_ISSUE.labels.append('Restrict-View-Commit')
+
+  RESTRICTED_ISSUE2 = tracker_pb2.Issue()
+  RESTRICTED_ISSUE2.reporter_id = REPORTER_ID
+  # RESTRICTED_ISSUE2 has no owner
+  RESTRICTED_ISSUE2.cc_ids.append(CC_ID)
+  RESTRICTED_ISSUE2.labels.append('Restrict-View-Commit')
+
+  RESTRICTED_ISSUE3 = tracker_pb2.Issue()
+  RESTRICTED_ISSUE3.reporter_id = REPORTER_ID
+  RESTRICTED_ISSUE3.owner_id = OWNER_ID
+  # Restrict to a permission that no one has.
+  RESTRICTED_ISSUE3.labels.append('Restrict-EditIssue-Foo')
+
+  PROJECT = project_pb2.Project()
+
+  ADMIN_PERMS = permissions.ADMIN_PERMISSIONSET
+  PERMS = permissions.EMPTY_PERMISSIONSET
+
+  def testUpdateIssuePermissions_Normal(self):
+    perms = permissions.UpdateIssuePermissions(
+        permissions.COMMITTER_ACTIVE_PERMISSIONSET, self.PROJECT,
+        self.REGULAR_ISSUE, {})
+
+    self.assertEqual(
+        ['addissuecomment',
+         'commit',
+         'createissue',
+         'deleteown',
+         'editissue',
+         'flagspam',
+         'setstar',
+         'verdictspam',
+         'view',
+         'viewcontributorlist',
+         'viewinboundmessages',
+         'viewquota'],
+        sorted(perms.perm_names))
+
+  def testUpdateIssuePermissions_FromConfig(self):
+    config = tracker_pb2.ProjectIssueConfig(
+        field_defs=[tracker_pb2.FieldDef(field_id=123, grants_perm='Granted')])
+    issue = tracker_pb2.Issue(
+        field_values=[tracker_pb2.FieldValue(field_id=123, user_id=111)])
+    perms = permissions.UpdateIssuePermissions(
+        permissions.USER_PERMISSIONSET, self.PROJECT, issue, {111},
+        config=config)
+    self.assertIn('granted', perms.perm_names)
+
+  def testUpdateIssuePermissions_ExtraPerms(self):
+    project = project_pb2.Project()
+    project.committer_ids.append(999)
+    project.extra_perms.append(
+        project_pb2.Project.ExtraPerms(member_id=999, perms=['EditIssue']))
+    perms = permissions.UpdateIssuePermissions(
+        permissions.USER_PERMISSIONSET, project,
+        self.REGULAR_ISSUE, {999})
+    self.assertIn('editissue', perms.perm_names)
+
+  def testUpdateIssuePermissions_ExtraPermsAreSubjectToRestrictions(self):
+    project = project_pb2.Project()
+    project.committer_ids.append(999)
+    project.extra_perms.append(
+        project_pb2.Project.ExtraPerms(member_id=999, perms=['EditIssue']))
+    perms = permissions.UpdateIssuePermissions(
+        permissions.USER_PERMISSIONSET, project,
+        self.RESTRICTED_ISSUE3, {999})
+    self.assertNotIn('editissue', perms.perm_names)
+
+  def testUpdateIssuePermissions_GrantedPermsAreNotSubjectToRestrictions(self):
+    perms = permissions.UpdateIssuePermissions(
+        permissions.USER_PERMISSIONSET, self.PROJECT, self.RESTRICTED_ISSUE3,
+        {}, granted_perms=['EditIssue'])
+    self.assertIn('editissue', perms.perm_names)
+
+  def testUpdateIssuePermissions_RespectConsiderRestrictions(self):
+    perms = permissions.UpdateIssuePermissions(
+        permissions.ADMIN_PERMISSIONSET, self.PROJECT, self.RESTRICTED_ISSUE3,
+        {})
+    self.assertIn('editissue', perms.perm_names)
+
+  def testUpdateIssuePermissions_RestrictionsAreConsideredIndividually(self):
+    issue = tracker_pb2.Issue(
+        labels=[
+            'Restrict-Perm1-Perm2',
+            'Restrict-Perm2-Perm3'])
+    perms = permissions.UpdateIssuePermissions(
+        permissions.PermissionSet(['Perm1', 'Perm2', 'View']),
+        self.PROJECT, issue, {})
+    self.assertIn('perm1', perms.perm_names)
+    self.assertNotIn('perm2', perms.perm_names)
+
+  def testUpdateIssuePermissions_DeletedNoPermissions(self):
+    issue = tracker_pb2.Issue(
+        labels=['Restrict-View-Foo'],
+        deleted=True)
+    perms = permissions.UpdateIssuePermissions(
+        permissions.COMMITTER_ACTIVE_PERMISSIONSET, self.PROJECT, issue, {})
+    self.assertEqual([], sorted(perms.perm_names))
+
+  def testUpdateIssuePermissions_ViewDeleted(self):
+    perms = permissions.UpdateIssuePermissions(
+        permissions.COMMITTER_ACTIVE_PERMISSIONSET, self.PROJECT,
+        self.DELETED_ISSUE, {})
+    self.assertEqual(['view'], sorted(perms.perm_names))
+
+  def testUpdateIssuePermissions_ViewAndDeleteDeleted(self):
+    perms = permissions.UpdateIssuePermissions(
+        permissions.OWNER_ACTIVE_PERMISSIONSET, self.PROJECT,
+        self.DELETED_ISSUE, {})
+    self.assertEqual(['deleteissue', 'view'], sorted(perms.perm_names))
+
+  def testUpdateIssuePermissions_ViewRestrictions(self):
+    perms = permissions.UpdateIssuePermissions(
+        permissions.USER_PERMISSIONSET, self.PROJECT, self.RESTRICTED_ISSUE, {})
+    self.assertNotIn('view', perms.perm_names)
+
+  def testUpdateIssuePermissions_RolesBypassViewRestrictions(self):
+    for role in {OWNER_ID, REPORTER_ID, CC_ID, APPROVER_ID}:
+      perms = permissions.UpdateIssuePermissions(
+          permissions.USER_PERMISSIONSET, self.PROJECT, self.RESTRICTED_ISSUE,
+          {role})
+      self.assertIn('view', perms.perm_names)
+
+  def testUpdateIssuePermissions_RolesAllowViewingDeleted(self):
+    issue = tracker_pb2.Issue(
+        reporter_id=REPORTER_ID,
+        owner_id=OWNER_ID,
+        cc_ids=[CC_ID],
+        approval_values=[tracker_pb2.ApprovalValue(approver_ids=[APPROVER_ID])],
+        labels=['Restrict-View-Foo'],
+        deleted=True)
+    for role in {OWNER_ID, REPORTER_ID, CC_ID, APPROVER_ID}:
+      perms = permissions.UpdateIssuePermissions(
+          permissions.USER_PERMISSIONSET, self.PROJECT, issue, {role})
+      self.assertIn('view', perms.perm_names)
+
+  def testUpdateIssuePermissions_GrantedViewPermission(self):
+    perms = permissions.UpdateIssuePermissions(
+        permissions.USER_PERMISSIONSET, self.PROJECT, self.RESTRICTED_ISSUE,
+        {}, ['commit'])
+    self.assertIn('view', perms.perm_names)
+
+  def testUpdateIssuePermissions_EditRestrictions(self):
+    perms = permissions.UpdateIssuePermissions(
+        permissions.COMMITTER_ACTIVE_PERMISSIONSET, self.PROJECT,
+        self.RESTRICTED_ISSUE3, {REPORTER_ID, CC_ID, APPROVER_ID})
+    self.assertNotIn('editissue', perms.perm_names)
+
+  def testUpdateIssuePermissions_OwnerBypassEditRestrictions(self):
+    perms = permissions.UpdateIssuePermissions(
+        permissions.COMMITTER_ACTIVE_PERMISSIONSET, self.PROJECT,
+        self.RESTRICTED_ISSUE3, {OWNER_ID})
+    self.assertIn('editissue', perms.perm_names)
+
+  def testUpdateIssuePermissions_CustomPermissionGrantsEditPermission(self):
+    project = project_pb2.Project()
+    project.committer_ids.append(999)
+    project.extra_perms.append(
+        project_pb2.Project.ExtraPerms(member_id=999, perms=['Foo']))
+    perms = permissions.UpdateIssuePermissions(
+        permissions.COMMITTER_ACTIVE_PERMISSIONSET, project,
+        self.RESTRICTED_ISSUE3, {999})
+    self.assertIn('editissue', perms.perm_names)
+
+  def testCanViewIssue_Deleted(self):
+    self.assertFalse(permissions.CanViewIssue(
+        {REPORTER_ID}, permissions.OWNER_ACTIVE_PERMISSIONSET,
+        self.PROJECT, self.DELETED_ISSUE))
+    self.assertTrue(permissions.CanViewIssue(
+        {REPORTER_ID}, permissions.OWNER_ACTIVE_PERMISSIONSET,
+        self.PROJECT, self.DELETED_ISSUE, allow_viewing_deleted=True))
+    self.assertTrue(permissions.CanViewIssue(
+        {REPORTER_ID}, permissions.OWNER_ACTIVE_PERMISSIONSET,
+        self.PROJECT, self.REGULAR_ISSUE))
+
+  def testCanViewIssue_Regular(self):
+    self.assertTrue(permissions.CanViewIssue(
+        {REPORTER_ID}, permissions.OWNER_ACTIVE_PERMISSIONSET,
+        self.PROJECT, self.REGULAR_ISSUE))
+    self.assertTrue(permissions.CanViewIssue(
+        {REPORTER_ID}, permissions.COMMITTER_ACTIVE_PERMISSIONSET,
+        self.PROJECT, self.REGULAR_ISSUE))
+    self.assertTrue(permissions.CanViewIssue(
+        {REPORTER_ID},
+        permissions.CONTRIBUTOR_ACTIVE_PERMISSIONSET,
+        self.PROJECT, self.REGULAR_ISSUE))
+    self.assertTrue(permissions.CanViewIssue(
+        {REPORTER_ID}, permissions.USER_PERMISSIONSET,
+        self.PROJECT, self.REGULAR_ISSUE))
+    self.assertTrue(permissions.CanViewIssue(
+        {REPORTER_ID}, permissions.READ_ONLY_PERMISSIONSET,
+        self.PROJECT, self.REGULAR_ISSUE))
+    self.assertTrue(permissions.CanViewIssue(
+        set(), permissions.READ_ONLY_PERMISSIONSET,
+        self.PROJECT, self.REGULAR_ISSUE))
+
+  def testCanViewIssue_Restricted(self):
+    # Project owner can always view issue.
+    self.assertTrue(permissions.CanViewIssue(
+        {OTHER_ID}, permissions.OWNER_ACTIVE_PERMISSIONSET,
+        self.PROJECT, self.RESTRICTED_ISSUE))
+    # Member can view because they have Commit perm.
+    self.assertTrue(permissions.CanViewIssue(
+        {OTHER_ID}, permissions.COMMITTER_ACTIVE_PERMISSIONSET,
+        self.PROJECT, self.RESTRICTED_ISSUE))
+    # Contributors normally do not have Commit perm.
+    self.assertFalse(permissions.CanViewIssue(
+        {OTHER_ID}, permissions.CONTRIBUTOR_ACTIVE_PERMISSIONSET,
+        self.PROJECT, self.RESTRICTED_ISSUE))
+    # Non-members do not have Commit perm.
+    self.assertFalse(permissions.CanViewIssue(
+        {OTHER_ID}, permissions.USER_PERMISSIONSET,
+        self.PROJECT, self.RESTRICTED_ISSUE))
+    # Anon user's do not have Commit perm.
+    self.assertFalse(permissions.CanViewIssue(
+        set(), permissions.READ_ONLY_PERMISSIONSET,
+        self.PROJECT, self.RESTRICTED_ISSUE))
+
+  def testCanViewIssue_RestrictedParticipants(self):
+    # Reporter can always view issue
+    self.assertTrue(permissions.CanViewIssue(
+        {REPORTER_ID}, permissions.READ_ONLY_PERMISSIONSET,
+        self.PROJECT, self.RESTRICTED_ISSUE))
+    # Issue owner can always view issue
+    self.assertTrue(permissions.CanViewIssue(
+        {OWNER_ID}, permissions.READ_ONLY_PERMISSIONSET,
+        self.PROJECT, self.RESTRICTED_ISSUE))
+    # CC'd user can always view issue
+    self.assertTrue(permissions.CanViewIssue(
+        {CC_ID}, permissions.READ_ONLY_PERMISSIONSET,
+        self.PROJECT, self.RESTRICTED_ISSUE))
+    # Non-participants cannot view issue if they don't have the needed perm.
+    self.assertFalse(permissions.CanViewIssue(
+        {OTHER_ID}, permissions.READ_ONLY_PERMISSIONSET,
+        self.PROJECT, self.RESTRICTED_ISSUE))
+    # Anon user's do not have Commit perm.
+    self.assertFalse(permissions.CanViewIssue(
+        set(), permissions.READ_ONLY_PERMISSIONSET,
+        self.PROJECT, self.RESTRICTED_ISSUE))
+    # Anon user's cannot match owner 0.
+    self.assertFalse(permissions.CanViewIssue(
+        set(), permissions.READ_ONLY_PERMISSIONSET,
+        self.PROJECT, self.RESTRICTED_ISSUE2))
+    # Approvers can always view issue
+    self.assertTrue(permissions.CanViewIssue(
+        {APPROVER_ID}, permissions.READ_ONLY_PERMISSIONSET,
+        self.PROJECT, self.RESTRICTED_ISSUE))
+
+  def testCannotViewIssueIfCannotViewProject(self):
+    """Cross-project search should not be a backdoor to viewing issues."""
+    # Reporter cannot view issue if they not long have access to the project.
+    self.assertFalse(permissions.CanViewIssue(
+        {REPORTER_ID}, permissions.EMPTY_PERMISSIONSET,
+        self.PROJECT, self.REGULAR_ISSUE))
+    # Issue owner cannot always view issue
+    self.assertFalse(permissions.CanViewIssue(
+        {OWNER_ID}, permissions.EMPTY_PERMISSIONSET,
+        self.PROJECT, self.REGULAR_ISSUE))
+    # CC'd user cannot always view issue
+    self.assertFalse(permissions.CanViewIssue(
+        {CC_ID}, permissions.EMPTY_PERMISSIONSET,
+        self.PROJECT, self.REGULAR_ISSUE))
+    # Non-participants cannot view issue if they don't have the needed perm.
+    self.assertFalse(permissions.CanViewIssue(
+        {OTHER_ID}, permissions.EMPTY_PERMISSIONSET,
+        self.PROJECT, self.REGULAR_ISSUE))
+    # Anon user's do not have Commit perm.
+    self.assertFalse(permissions.CanViewIssue(
+        set(), permissions.EMPTY_PERMISSIONSET, self.PROJECT,
+        self.REGULAR_ISSUE))
+    # Anon user's cannot match owner 0.
+    self.assertFalse(permissions.CanViewIssue(
+        set(), permissions.EMPTY_PERMISSIONSET, self.PROJECT,
+        self.REGULAR_ISSUE))
+
+  def testCanEditIssue(self):
+    # Anon users cannot edit issues.
+    self.assertFalse(permissions.CanEditIssue(
+        {}, permissions.READ_ONLY_PERMISSIONSET,
+        self.PROJECT, self.REGULAR_ISSUE))
+
+    # Non-members and contributors cannot edit issues,
+    # even if they reported them.
+    self.assertFalse(permissions.CanEditIssue(
+        {REPORTER_ID}, permissions.READ_ONLY_PERMISSIONSET,
+        self.PROJECT, self.REGULAR_ISSUE))
+    self.assertFalse(permissions.CanEditIssue(
+        {REPORTER_ID}, permissions.CONTRIBUTOR_ACTIVE_PERMISSIONSET,
+        self.PROJECT, self.REGULAR_ISSUE))
+
+    # Project committers and project owners can edit issues, regardless
+    # of their role in the issue.
+    self.assertTrue(permissions.CanEditIssue(
+        {REPORTER_ID}, permissions.COMMITTER_ACTIVE_PERMISSIONSET,
+        self.PROJECT, self.REGULAR_ISSUE))
+    self.assertTrue(permissions.CanEditIssue(
+        {REPORTER_ID}, permissions.OWNER_ACTIVE_PERMISSIONSET,
+        self.PROJECT, self.REGULAR_ISSUE))
+    self.assertTrue(permissions.CanEditIssue(
+        {OWNER_ID}, permissions.COMMITTER_ACTIVE_PERMISSIONSET,
+        self.PROJECT, self.REGULAR_ISSUE))
+    self.assertTrue(permissions.CanEditIssue(
+        {OWNER_ID}, permissions.OWNER_ACTIVE_PERMISSIONSET,
+        self.PROJECT, self.REGULAR_ISSUE))
+    self.assertTrue(permissions.CanEditIssue(
+        {OTHER_ID}, permissions.COMMITTER_ACTIVE_PERMISSIONSET,
+        self.PROJECT, self.REGULAR_ISSUE))
+    self.assertTrue(permissions.CanEditIssue(
+        {OTHER_ID}, permissions.OWNER_ACTIVE_PERMISSIONSET,
+        self.PROJECT, self.REGULAR_ISSUE))
+
+  def testCanEditIssue_Restricted(self):
+    # Anon users cannot edit restricted issues.
+    self.assertFalse(permissions.CanEditIssue(
+        {}, permissions.COMMITTER_ACTIVE_PERMISSIONSET,
+        self.PROJECT, self.RESTRICTED_ISSUE3))
+
+    # Project committers cannot edit issues with a restriction to a custom
+    # permission that they don't have.
+    self.assertFalse(permissions.CanEditIssue(
+        {OTHER_ID}, permissions.COMMITTER_ACTIVE_PERMISSIONSET,
+        self.PROJECT, self.RESTRICTED_ISSUE3))
+
+    # *Issue* owners can always edit the issues that they own, even if
+    # those issues are restricted to perms that they don't have.
+    self.assertTrue(permissions.CanEditIssue(
+        {OWNER_ID}, permissions.CONTRIBUTOR_ACTIVE_PERMISSIONSET,
+        self.PROJECT, self.RESTRICTED_ISSUE3))
+
+    # Project owners can always edit, they cannot lock themselves out.
+    self.assertTrue(permissions.CanEditIssue(
+        {OTHER_ID}, permissions.OWNER_ACTIVE_PERMISSIONSET,
+        self.PROJECT, self.RESTRICTED_ISSUE3))
+
+    # A committer with edit permission but not view permission
+    # should not be able to edit the issue.
+    self.assertFalse(permissions.CanEditIssue(
+        {OTHER_ID}, permissions.CONTRIBUTOR_ACTIVE_PERMISSIONSET,
+        self.PROJECT, self.RESTRICTED_ISSUE2))
+
+  def testCanCommentIssue_HasPerm(self):
+    self.assertTrue(permissions.CanCommentIssue(
+        {111}, permissions.PermissionSet([permissions.ADD_ISSUE_COMMENT]),
+        None, None))
+    self.assertFalse(permissions.CanCommentIssue(
+        {111}, permissions.PermissionSet([]),
+        None, None))
+
+  def testCanCommentIssue_HasExtraPerm(self):
+    project = project_pb2.Project()
+    project.committer_ids.append(111)
+    extra_perm = project_pb2.Project.ExtraPerms(
+        member_id=111, perms=[permissions.ADD_ISSUE_COMMENT])
+    project.extra_perms.append(extra_perm)
+    self.assertTrue(permissions.CanCommentIssue(
+        {111}, permissions.PermissionSet([]),
+        project, None))
+    self.assertFalse(permissions.CanCommentIssue(
+        {222}, permissions.PermissionSet([]),
+        project, None))
+
+  def testCanCommentIssue_Restricted(self):
+    issue = tracker_pb2.Issue(labels=['Restrict-AddIssueComment-CoreTeam'])
+    # User is granted exactly the perm they need specifically in this issue.
+    self.assertTrue(permissions.CanCommentIssue(
+        {111}, permissions.PermissionSet([]),
+        None, issue, granted_perms=['addissuecomment']))
+    # User is granted CoreTeam, which satifies the restriction, and allows
+    # them to use the AddIssueComment permission that they have and would
+    # normally be able to use in an unrestricted issue.
+    self.assertTrue(permissions.CanCommentIssue(
+        {111}, permissions.PermissionSet([permissions.ADD_ISSUE_COMMENT]),
+        None, issue, granted_perms=['coreteam']))
+    # User was granted CoreTeam, but never had AddIssueComment.
+    self.assertFalse(permissions.CanCommentIssue(
+        {111}, permissions.PermissionSet([]),
+        None, issue, granted_perms=['coreteam']))
+    # User has AddIssueComment, but cannot satisfy restriction.
+    self.assertFalse(permissions.CanCommentIssue(
+        {111}, permissions.PermissionSet([permissions.ADD_ISSUE_COMMENT]),
+        None, issue))
+
+  def testCanCommentIssue_Granted(self):
+    self.assertTrue(permissions.CanCommentIssue(
+        {111}, permissions.PermissionSet([]),
+        None, None, granted_perms=['addissuecomment']))
+    self.assertFalse(permissions.CanCommentIssue(
+        {111}, permissions.PermissionSet([]),
+        None, None))
+
+  def testCanUpdateApprovalStatus_Approver(self):
+    # restricted status
+    self.assertTrue(permissions.CanUpdateApprovalStatus(
+        {111, 222}, permissions.PermissionSet([]), self.PROJECT,
+        [222], tracker_pb2.ApprovalStatus.APPROVED))
+
+    # non-restricted status
+    self.assertTrue(permissions.CanUpdateApprovalStatus(
+        {111, 222}, permissions.PermissionSet([]), self.PROJECT,
+        [222], tracker_pb2.ApprovalStatus.NEEDS_REVIEW))
+
+  def testCanUpdateApprovalStatus_SiteAdmin(self):
+    # restricted status
+    self.assertTrue(permissions.CanUpdateApprovalStatus(
+        {444}, permissions.PermissionSet([permissions.EDIT_ISSUE_APPROVAL]),
+        self.PROJECT, [222], tracker_pb2.ApprovalStatus.NOT_APPROVED))
+
+    # non-restricted status
+    self.assertTrue(permissions.CanUpdateApprovalStatus(
+        {444}, permissions.PermissionSet([permissions.EDIT_ISSUE_APPROVAL]),
+        self.PROJECT, [222], tracker_pb2.ApprovalStatus.NEEDS_REVIEW))
+
+  def testCanUpdateApprovalStatus_NonApprover(self):
+    # non-restricted status
+    self.assertTrue(permissions.CanUpdateApprovalStatus(
+        {111, 222}, permissions.PermissionSet([]), self.PROJECT,
+        [333], tracker_pb2.ApprovalStatus.NEED_INFO))
+
+    # restricted status
+    self.assertFalse(permissions.CanUpdateApprovalStatus(
+        {111, 222}, permissions.PermissionSet([]), self.PROJECT,
+        [333], tracker_pb2.ApprovalStatus.NA))
+
+  def testCanUpdateApprovers_Approver(self):
+    self.assertTrue(permissions.CanUpdateApprovers(
+        {111, 222}, permissions.PermissionSet([]), self.PROJECT,
+        [222]))
+
+  def testCanUpdateApprovers_SiteAdmins(self):
+    self.assertTrue(permissions.CanUpdateApprovers(
+        {444}, permissions.PermissionSet([permissions.EDIT_ISSUE_APPROVAL]),
+        self.PROJECT, [222]))
+
+  def testCanUpdateApprovers_NonApprover(self):
+    self.assertFalse(permissions.CanUpdateApprovers(
+        {111, 222}, permissions.PermissionSet([]), self.PROJECT,
+        [333]))
+
+  def testCanViewComponentDef_ComponentAdmin(self):
+    cd = tracker_pb2.ComponentDef(admin_ids=[111])
+    perms = permissions.PermissionSet([])
+    self.assertTrue(permissions.CanViewComponentDef(
+        {111}, perms, None, cd))
+    self.assertFalse(permissions.CanViewComponentDef(
+        {999}, perms, None, cd))
+
+  def testCanViewComponentDef_NormalUser(self):
+    cd = tracker_pb2.ComponentDef()
+    self.assertTrue(permissions.CanViewComponentDef(
+        {111}, permissions.PermissionSet([permissions.VIEW]),
+        None, cd))
+    self.assertFalse(permissions.CanViewComponentDef(
+        {111}, permissions.PermissionSet([]),
+        None, cd))
+
+  def testCanEditComponentDef_ComponentAdmin(self):
+    cd = tracker_pb2.ComponentDef(admin_ids=[111], path='Whole')
+    sub_cd = tracker_pb2.ComponentDef(admin_ids=[222], path='Whole>Part')
+    config = tracker_bizobj.MakeDefaultProjectIssueConfig(789)
+    config.component_defs.append(cd)
+    config.component_defs.append(sub_cd)
+    perms = permissions.PermissionSet([])
+    self.assertTrue(permissions.CanEditComponentDef(
+        {111}, perms, None, cd, config))
+    self.assertFalse(permissions.CanEditComponentDef(
+        {222}, perms, None, cd, config))
+    self.assertFalse(permissions.CanEditComponentDef(
+        {999}, perms, None, cd, config))
+    self.assertTrue(permissions.CanEditComponentDef(
+        {111}, perms, None, sub_cd, config))
+    self.assertTrue(permissions.CanEditComponentDef(
+        {222}, perms, None, sub_cd, config))
+    self.assertFalse(permissions.CanEditComponentDef(
+        {999}, perms, None, sub_cd, config))
+
+  def testCanEditComponentDef_ProjectOwners(self):
+    cd = tracker_pb2.ComponentDef(path='Whole')
+    config = tracker_bizobj.MakeDefaultProjectIssueConfig(789)
+    config.component_defs.append(cd)
+    self.assertTrue(permissions.CanEditComponentDef(
+        {111}, permissions.PermissionSet([permissions.EDIT_PROJECT]),
+        None, cd, config))
+    self.assertFalse(permissions.CanEditComponentDef(
+        {111}, permissions.PermissionSet([]),
+        None, cd, config))
+
+  def testCanViewFieldDef_FieldAdmin(self):
+    fd = tracker_pb2.FieldDef(admin_ids=[111])
+    perms = permissions.PermissionSet([])
+    self.assertTrue(permissions.CanViewFieldDef(
+        {111}, perms, None, fd))
+    self.assertFalse(permissions.CanViewFieldDef(
+        {999}, perms, None, fd))
+
+  def testCanViewFieldDef_NormalUser(self):
+    fd = tracker_pb2.FieldDef()
+    self.assertTrue(permissions.CanViewFieldDef(
+        {111}, permissions.PermissionSet([permissions.VIEW]),
+        None, fd))
+    self.assertFalse(permissions.CanViewFieldDef(
+        {111}, permissions.PermissionSet([]),
+        None, fd))
+
+  def testCanEditFieldDef_FieldAdmin(self):
+    fd = tracker_pb2.FieldDef(admin_ids=[111])
+    perms = permissions.PermissionSet([])
+    self.assertTrue(permissions.CanEditFieldDef(
+        {111}, perms, None, fd))
+    self.assertFalse(permissions.CanEditFieldDef(
+        {999}, perms, None, fd))
+
+  def testCanEditFieldDef_ProjectOwners(self):
+    fd = tracker_pb2.FieldDef()
+    self.assertTrue(permissions.CanEditFieldDef(
+        {111}, permissions.PermissionSet([permissions.EDIT_PROJECT]),
+        None, fd))
+    self.assertFalse(permissions.CanEditFieldDef(
+        {111}, permissions.PermissionSet([]),
+        None, fd))
+
+  def testCanEditValueForFieldDef_NotRestrictedField(self):
+    fd = tracker_pb2.FieldDef()
+    perms = permissions.PermissionSet([])
+    self.assertTrue(permissions.CanEditValueForFieldDef({111}, perms, None, fd))
+
+  def testCanEditValueForFieldDef_RestrictedFieldEditor(self):
+    fd = tracker_pb2.FieldDef(is_restricted_field=True, editor_ids=[111])
+    perms = permissions.PermissionSet([])
+    self.assertTrue(permissions.CanEditValueForFieldDef({111}, perms, None, fd))
+    self.assertFalse(
+        permissions.CanEditValueForFieldDef({999}, perms, None, fd))
+
+  def testCanEditValueForFieldDef_RestrictedFieldAdmin(self):
+    fd = tracker_pb2.FieldDef(is_restricted_field=True, admin_ids=[111])
+    perms = permissions.PermissionSet([])
+    self.assertTrue(permissions.CanEditValueForFieldDef({111}, perms, None, fd))
+    self.assertFalse(
+        permissions.CanEditValueForFieldDef({999}, perms, None, fd))
+
+  def testCanEditValueForFieldDef_ProjectOwners(self):
+    fd = tracker_pb2.FieldDef(is_restricted_field=True)
+    self.assertTrue(
+        permissions.CanEditValueForFieldDef(
+            {111}, permissions.PermissionSet([permissions.EDIT_PROJECT]), None,
+            fd))
+    self.assertFalse(
+        permissions.CanEditValueForFieldDef(
+            {111}, permissions.PermissionSet([]), None, fd))
+
+  def testCanViewTemplate_TemplateAdmin(self):
+    td = tracker_pb2.TemplateDef(admin_ids=[111])
+    perms = permissions.PermissionSet([])
+    self.assertTrue(permissions.CanViewTemplate(
+        {111}, perms, None, td))
+    self.assertFalse(permissions.CanViewTemplate(
+        {999}, perms, None, td))
+
+  def testCanViewTemplate_MembersOnly(self):
+    td = tracker_pb2.TemplateDef(members_only=True)
+    project = project_pb2.Project(committer_ids=[111])
+    self.assertTrue(permissions.CanViewTemplate(
+        {111}, permissions.PermissionSet([]),
+        project, td))
+    self.assertFalse(permissions.CanViewTemplate(
+        {999}, permissions.PermissionSet([]),
+        project, td))
+
+  def testCanViewTemplate_AnyoneWhoCanViewProject(self):
+    td = tracker_pb2.TemplateDef()
+    self.assertTrue(permissions.CanViewTemplate(
+        {111}, permissions.PermissionSet([permissions.VIEW]),
+        None, td))
+    self.assertFalse(permissions.CanViewTemplate(
+        {111}, permissions.PermissionSet([]),
+        None, td))
+
+  def testCanEditTemplate_TemplateAdmin(self):
+    td = tracker_pb2.TemplateDef(admin_ids=[111])
+    perms = permissions.PermissionSet([])
+    self.assertTrue(permissions.CanEditTemplate(
+        {111}, perms, None, td))
+    self.assertFalse(permissions.CanEditTemplate(
+        {999}, perms, None, td))
+
+  def testCanEditTemplate_ProjectOwners(self):
+    td = tracker_pb2.TemplateDef()
+    self.assertTrue(permissions.CanEditTemplate(
+        {111}, permissions.PermissionSet([permissions.EDIT_PROJECT]),
+        None, td))
+    self.assertFalse(permissions.CanEditTemplate(
+        {111}, permissions.PermissionSet([]),
+        None, td))
+
+  def testCanViewHotlist_Private(self):
+    hotlist = features_pb2.Hotlist()
+    hotlist.is_private = True
+    hotlist.owner_ids.append(111)
+    hotlist.editor_ids.append(222)
+
+    self.assertTrue(permissions.CanViewHotlist({222}, self.PERMS, hotlist))
+    self.assertTrue(permissions.CanViewHotlist({111, 333}, self.PERMS, hotlist))
+    self.assertTrue(
+        permissions.CanViewHotlist({111, 333}, self.ADMIN_PERMS, hotlist))
+    self.assertFalse(
+        permissions.CanViewHotlist({333, 444}, self.PERMS, hotlist))
+    self.assertTrue(
+        permissions.CanViewHotlist({333, 444}, self.ADMIN_PERMS, hotlist))
+
+  def testCanViewHotlist_Public(self):
+    hotlist = features_pb2.Hotlist()
+    hotlist.is_private = False
+    hotlist.owner_ids.append(111)
+    hotlist.editor_ids.append(222)
+
+    self.assertTrue(permissions.CanViewHotlist({222}, self.PERMS, hotlist))
+    self.assertTrue(permissions.CanViewHotlist({111, 333}, self.PERMS, hotlist))
+    self.assertTrue(permissions.CanViewHotlist({333, 444}, self.PERMS, hotlist))
+    self.assertTrue(
+        permissions.CanViewHotlist({333, 444}, self.ADMIN_PERMS, hotlist))
+
+  def testCanEditHotlist(self):
+    hotlist = features_pb2.Hotlist()
+    hotlist.owner_ids.append(111)
+    hotlist.editor_ids.append(222)
+
+    self.assertTrue(permissions.CanEditHotlist({222}, self.PERMS, hotlist))
+    self.assertTrue(permissions.CanEditHotlist({111, 333}, self.PERMS, hotlist))
+    self.assertTrue(
+        permissions.CanEditHotlist({111, 333}, self.ADMIN_PERMS, hotlist))
+    self.assertFalse(
+        permissions.CanEditHotlist({333, 444}, self.PERMS, hotlist))
+    self.assertTrue(
+        permissions.CanEditHotlist({333, 444}, self.ADMIN_PERMS, hotlist))
+
+  def testCanAdministerHotlist(self):
+    hotlist = features_pb2.Hotlist()
+    hotlist.owner_ids.append(111)
+    hotlist.editor_ids.append(222)
+
+    self.assertFalse(
+        permissions.CanAdministerHotlist({222}, self.PERMS, hotlist))
+    self.assertTrue(
+        permissions.CanAdministerHotlist({111, 333}, self.PERMS, hotlist))
+    self.assertTrue(
+        permissions.CanAdministerHotlist({111, 333}, self.ADMIN_PERMS, hotlist))
+    self.assertFalse(
+        permissions.CanAdministerHotlist({333, 444}, self.PERMS, hotlist))
+    self.assertTrue(
+        permissions.CanAdministerHotlist({333, 444}, self.ADMIN_PERMS, hotlist))